What is the initial concern for a patient confirmed to have trisomy 21?

• A. Cushing's syndrome
• B. Cerebrovascular accident
• C. Congenital heart defect
• D. Dental caries

Answer: (C)

The primary concern for a patient confirmed to have trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is the likelihood of congenital heart defects. Studies indicate that approximately 40-50% of individuals with Down syndrome have some form of congenital heart defect, which can significantly impact their health and well-being. Conditions such as atrioventricular septal defects and ventricular septal defects are commonly associated with this genetic condition. Early identification and management of these heart defects are critical, as they can lead to serious complications if left unaddressed.

While conditions like Cushing's syndrome, cerebrovascular accidents, and dental caries can occur in any population, they are not specific concerns associated with trisomy 21 in the same way that congenital heart defects are. Therefore, the risk of congenital heart issues stands out as the primary health concern when diagnosing an individual with Down syndrome.