What serious condition can result from prolonged phlebitis?

• A. Acute stroke
• B. Deep vein thrombosis
• C. Pulmonary embolism
• D. Atrial fibrillation

Answer: (C)

Prolonged phlebitis, which is an inflammation of a vein, can lead to serious complications due to the potential for thrombus (clot) formation within the affected vein. If a thrombus develops and subsequently dislodges, it can travel through the venous system to the lungs, resulting in a pulmonary embolism. This condition is particularly dangerous as it can obstruct blood flow in the pulmonary arteries, leading to respiratory distress, decreased oxygenation, and potentially life-threatening situations.

In contrast, while acute stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and atrial fibrillation are serious conditions, they are not direct consequences of prolonged phlebitis in the same way that pulmonary embolism is. Deep vein thrombosis may occur as a localized complication of phlebitis, but the focus on the long-term consequence leading to a pulmonary embolism makes it the most relevant answer in this context. Thus, recognizing the relationship between phlebitis and its potential to cause a pulmonary embolism is crucial for understanding the risks associated with this condition.