What should you consider for a patient with trisomy 21 before procedure?

• A. Chronic kidney disease
• B. Congenital heart defect
• C. Musculoskeletal disorders
• D. Neurological issues

Answer: (B)

In considering the needs of a patient with trisomy 21, widely known as Down syndrome, it is crucial to recognize the high prevalence of congenital heart defects in this population. Approximately 40-60% of individuals with trisomy 21 are born with some form of congenital heart defect, which can have significant implications for their overall health and response to medical procedures. Before any procedure, it is essential to evaluate the patient's cardiac status since undiagnosed or untreated heart conditions can lead to increased risk during sedation, anesthesia, and post-operative complications.

While other considerations, such as chronic kidney disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and neurological issues, can also be relevant in patients with trisomy 21, congenital heart defects are notably the most common and critical factor that requires assessment prior to any medical procedure. Awareness of these cardiac conditions will influence decisions regarding monitoring and management during the procedure, ensuring the safety and well-being of the patient.