Which dental condition involves a sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures due to damaged enamel?

• A. Amelogenesis imperfecta
• B. Hypoplasia
• C. Dentinogenesis imperfecta
• D. Abfraction

Answer: (A)

Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic condition that affects the development of enamel, leading to its improper formation. This results in enamel that may be thin, discolored, or structurally compromised. Because the enamel protects the underlying dentin, any damage to it can expose the dentin more significantly. Dentin contains tubules that lead to nerve endings; when these tubules are open due to enamel damage or absence, stimuli such as hot and cold temperatures can cause sensitivity. Thus, in cases of amelogenesis imperfecta, individuals often experience heightened sensitivity to temperature changes due to the inadequate protection of the dentin by enamel.

The other choices represent different conditions with distinct characteristics that do not primarily cause temperature sensitivity in the same way. Hypoplasia refers to underdevelopment of the enamel, which may also alter sensitivity but is typically more about enamel quantity than quality. Dentinogenesis imperfecta involves abnormalities in dentin rather than enamel and leads to a different set of complications. Abfraction refers to a loss of tooth structure at the gum line due to mechanical stress, which can also result in sensitivity but does not specifically relate to the enamel’s condition.