Which drug is known for potentially causing gingival hyperplasia leading to increased pocket depth?

• A. Nifedipine
• B. Propranolol
• C. Lisinopril
• D. Metoprolol

Answer: (A)

Nifedipine is known for its potential side effect of causing gingival hyperplasia, which is the overgrowth of gum tissue. This condition can lead to increased pocket depth around the teeth, contributing to periodontal issues. Gingival hyperplasia associated with nifedipine typically occurs due to its action as a calcium channel blocker, which can influence the proliferation of gingival fibroblasts and affect the normal turnover of gum tissue.

This side effect is particularly significant in patients who are on long-term treatment with nifedipine for hypertension or angina. The increased pocket depth resulting from the overgrowth of the gums can create a greater risk for periodontal disease, as well as complications in oral hygiene practices.

Other medications listed, such as propranolol, lisinopril, and metoprolol, do not typically exhibit the same degree of association with gingival hyperplasia and increased depth of periodontal pockets, making nifedipine the most relevant choice in this context. Understanding the side effects of medications is crucial for managing patient care effectively.