Which drugs are known to induce gingival hyperplasia?

• A. SSRIs and beta-blockers
• B. Calcium channel blockers and anticonvulsants
• C. Opioids and antifungals
• D. Antibiotics and steroids

Answer: (B)

Gingival hyperplasia, or the overgrowth of gum tissue, is a condition that can be induced by certain medications. The drugs most commonly associated with gingival hyperplasia include calcium channel blockers and anticonvulsants.

Calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine and amlodipine, are used to manage hypertension and angina. One of the side effects of these medications is the enlargement of gum tissue, likely due to their effects on the fibroblasts within the gum tissue leading to increased collagen production.

Anticonvulsants, particularly phenytoin, are also well-known for causing gingival hyperplasia. Phenytoin is frequently used to control seizures, and its effect on gum tissue stems from an increase in fibroblast activity leading to abnormal growth of the gingival tissue.

Understanding this association is critical in both clinical practice and patient education, as individuals taking these medications may require regular dental check-ups and modifications in their oral hygiene practices to manage this side effect effectively. This is why the combination of calcium channel blockers and anticonvulsants is considered the correct answer, as they are directly linked to the pharmacological mechanisms that lead to gingival overgrowth.