Which group of medications is referred to as Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)?

• A. Propranolol and atenolol
• B. Losartan and valsartan
• C. Hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide
• D. Metoprolol and spironolactone

Answer: (B)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) are a class of medications that specifically block the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that contributes to blood vessel constriction and sodium retention, thereby leading to increased blood pressure. Losartan and valsartan are two common examples of ARBs. These medications are used primarily in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure because they help to relax blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and reduce the workload on the heart.

The correct group of medications, losartan and valsartan, directly act on the angiotensin II receptor, inhibiting its effects on the cardiovascular system. This mechanism distinguishes them from other classes of medications.

In contrast, the other choices consist of medications that belong to different pharmacological classes. Propranolol and atenolol are beta-blockers, which work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta-adrenergic receptors and primarily reduce heart rate and myocardial contractility. Hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide are diuretics that act on different parts of the renal tubule to increase the excretion of water and electrolytes, thus lowering blood pressure through a different mechanism. Metoprolol is also a beta-blocker, and spironolact